Apache最新官方配置文件中文版说明（apache 配置详解）

Apache最新官方配置文件中文版
## Based upon the NCSA server configuration files originally by Rob McCool.#参照NCSA服务器的配置文件，原版由Rob McCool发布## This is the main Apache server configuration file. It contains the# configuration directives that give the server its instructions.# See <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/> for detailed information about# the directives.#这是Apache server的主配置文件. 它包含配置指令，来指示服务器#请参考 http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0 了解关于指令的详细信息# Do NOT simply read the instructions in here without understanding# what they do. They're here only as hints or reminders. If you are unsure# consult the online docs. You have been warned.#不要仅仅是阅读本指令，而应该理解指令做了什么。在这里仅起提示的作用。#如果你不清楚请参阅在线文档。特别提示# The configuration directives are grouped into three basic sections:#配置文件批令分为三个基本组# 1. Directives that control the operation of the Apache server process as a# whole (the 'global environment'.# 1. 控制Apache server的全局操作的指令(全局环境变量).# 2. Directives that define the parameters of the 'main' or 'default' server,# which responds to requests that aren't handled by a virtual host.# These directives also provide default values for the settings# of all virtual hosts.# 2.配置主服务或者默认服务的指令，它针对那些被虚拟主机以外的请求作出响应.# 它也包含虚拟主机的一些默认参数# 3. Settings for virtual hosts, which allow Web requests to be sent to# different IP addresses or hostnames and have them handled by the# same Apache server process.# 3. 虚拟主机设置，这使得发往不同的ip或者主机名的请求可以被子同一个Apache服务# 器处理# Configuration and logfile names: If the filenames you specify for many# of the server's control files begin with "/" (or "drive:/" for Win32), the# server will use that explicit path. If the filenames do *not* begin# with "/", the value of ServerRoot is prepended -- so "logs/foo.log"# with ServerRoot set to "C:/Program Files/Apache Group/Apache2" will be interpreted by the# server as "C:/Program Files/Apache Group/Apache2/logs/foo.log".#配置和日志文件名：如果你所指定的文件名以”/”（在Win32中以盘符：/）开头，服务器将以绝对路径来处理。如果不以”/”开头，则以相对于ServerRoot不解释，所以对于logs/foo.log来讲，当ServerRoot为"C:/Program Files/Apache Group/Apache2”时，则指的是C:/Program Files/Apache Group/Apache2/logs/foo.log文件# NOTE: Where filenames are specified, you must use forward slashes# instead of backslashes (e.g., "c:/apache" instead of "c:/apache".注意，在文件名的定义中，必须用正斜杠，而不是反斜杠，如c:/apache而不是c:/apache# If a drive letter is omitted, the drive on which Apache.exe is located# will be used by default. It is recommended that you always supply# an explicit drive letter in absolute paths, however, to avoid# confusion.#如果省略了盘符，则以Apache.exe所在的盘符为默认值建议在绝对路径中永远使用显式的盘符，这样有助于消除误解
### Section 1: Global Environment#第一部分全局环境## The directives in this section affect the overall operation of Apache,# such as the number of concurrent requests it can handle or where it# can find its configuration files.#本部分的指令将影响整个Apache服务器，例如它所能处理的并发请求数或者它在哪里能够找到其配置文件
## ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's# configuration, error, and log files are kept.# ServerRoot: 服务器的配置，错误和日志文件的根目录# NOTE! If you intend to place this on an NFS (or otherwise network)# mounted filesystem then please read the LockFile documentation (available# at <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/mpm_common.html#lockfile>;# you will save yourself a lot of trouble.#注意：如果将其保存到NFS上或者网络上mounted的文件系统上，然后应该阅读LockFile文档，http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/mpm_common.html#lockfile，将能解决你的很多麻烦.# Do NOT add a slash at the end of the directory path.#不要在目录的末尾加上斜杠ServerRoot "C:/Program Files/Apache Group/Apache2"ServerRoot:根目录## ScoreBoardFile: File used to store internal server process information.# If unspecified (the default), the scoreboard will be stored in an# anonymous shared memory segment, and will be unavailable to third-party# applications.ScoreBoardFile: 保存服务器内部的处理信息如果未定议(默认状态)，scoreboard将被保存在匿名的共享内存段中，并且对于第三方来讲，是不可获得的# If specified, ensure that no two invocations of Apache share the same# scoreboard file. The scoreboard file MUST BE STORED ON A LOCAL DISK.#如果已定义，应确保Apache的两个调用不能共享同一个scoreboard. Scoreboard文件必须存放在可分配的磁盘上#ScoreBoardFile logs/apache_runtime_status
## PidFile: The file in which the server should record its process# identification number when it starts.#PidFile:当服务器起努时，服务器需要将其进程ID号存放在此文件中PidFile logs/httpd.pid
## Timeout: The number of seconds before receives and sends time out.#Timeout:接收和发送数据的超时设置，秒数Timeout 300
## KeepAlive: Whether or not to allow persistent connections (more than# one request per connection). Set to "Off" to deactivate.#KeepAlive: 是否支持持久联接（而不是每个请求建一个连接）,设off关闭此功能KeepAlive On
## MaxKeepAliveRequests: The maximum number of requests to allow# during a persistent connection. Set to 0 to allow an unlimited amount.# We recommend you leave this number high, for maximum performance.#MaxKeepAliveRequests:在持久连接期间，所允许的最大请求数量。设为0表示不作限制建议设为较高的数，以提高性能MaxKeepAliveRequests 100
## KeepAliveTimeout: Number of seconds to wait for the next request from the# same client on the same connection.#KeepAliveTimeout:在同一个客户连接中，等待下一个请求的等待时间。KeepAliveTimeout 15
#### Server-Pool Size Regulation (MPM specific)## 常规Server-Pool服务器池的大小(每分钟M数)
# WinNT MPM WinNT 的MPM# ThreadsPerChild: constant number of worker threads in the server processThreadPerChild:服务器进程中工作的线程数量# MaxRequestsPerChild: maximum number of requests a server process serves每个服务进程的最大请求数<IfModule mpm_winnt.c>ThreadsPerChild 250MaxRequestsPerChild 0</IfModule>
## Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or# ports, instead of the default. See also the <VirtualHost># directive.#Listen:允许你将Apache绑定到指定的IP地址或端口，而不是默认端口，请同时参考<VirtualHost>指令# Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to# prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses (0.0.0.0)#像下面那样指定侦听的IP地址，防止Apache抢占所有绑定的IP地址#Listen 12.34.56.78:80Listen 80
## Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support#动态共享对象支持DSO# To be able to use the functionality of a module which was built as a DSO you# have to place corresponding `LoadModule' lines at this location so the# directives contained in it are actually available _before_ they are used.# Statically compiled modules (those listed by `httpd -l' do not need# to be loaded here.#为了能够使用模块功能，模块通常以DSO的方式构建，你应该在下面使用LoadModule行，使得能够在使用前获得指令的功能。静态编译模块（在httpd-1中所列举的）不需要在此装载# Example:# LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so#LoadModule access_module modules/mod_access.soLoadModule actions_module modules/mod_actions.soLoadModule alias_module modules/mod_alias.soLoadModule asis_module modules/mod_asis.soLoadModule auth_module modules/mod_auth.so#LoadModule auth_anon_module modules/mod_auth_anon.so#LoadModule auth_dbm_module modules/mod_auth_dbm.so#LoadModule auth_digest_module modules/mod_auth_digest.soLoadModule autoindex_module modules/mod_autoindex.so#LoadModule cern_meta_module modules/mod_cern_meta.soLoadModule cgi_module modules/mod_cgi.so#LoadModule dav_module modules/mod_dav.so#LoadModule dav_fs_module modules/mod_dav_fs.soLoadModule dir_module modules/mod_dir.soLoadModule env_module modules/mod_env.so#LoadModule expires_module modules/mod_expires.so#LoadModule file_cache_module modules/mod_file_cache.so#LoadModule headers_module modules/mod_headers.soLoadModule imap_module modules/mod_imap.soLoadModule include_module modules/mod_include.so#LoadModule info_module modules/mod_info.soLoadModule isapi_module modules/mod_isapi.soLoadModule log_config_module modules/mod_log_config.soLoadModule mime_module modules/mod_mime.so#LoadModule mime_magic_module modules/mod_mime_magic.so#LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so#LoadModule proxy_connect_module modules/mod_proxy_connect.so#LoadModule proxy_http_module modules/mod_proxy_http.so#LoadModule proxy_ftp_module modules/mod_proxy_ftp.soLoadModule negotiation_module modules/mod_negotiation.so#LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.soLoadModule setenvif_module modules/mod_setenvif.so#LoadModule speling_module modules/mod_speling.so#LoadModule status_module modules/mod_status.so#LoadModule unique_id_module modules/mod_unique_id.soLoadModule userdir_module modules/mod_userdir.so#LoadModule usertrack_module modules/mod_usertrack.so#LoadModule vhost_alias_module modules/mod_vhost_alias.so#LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so
## ExtendedStatus controls whether Apache will generate "full" status# information (ExtendedStatus On) or just basic information (ExtendedStatus# Off) when the "server-status" handler is called. The default is Off.#扩展状态控制Apache是否产生完整的状态信息（设为on产生全部），如果设为Off则产生基本的信息，当与server-status头有关，默认值为Off#ExtendedStatus On
### Section 2: 'Main' server configuration#第二部分：主服务配置# The directives in this section set up the values used by the 'main'# server, which responds to any requests that aren't handled by a# <VirtualHost> definition. These values also provide defaults for# any <VirtualHost> containers you may define later in the file.#本节中指令的设置值，将被主服务所使用，主服务响应那些没有被<VirtualHost>所处理的请求，这些值也为<VirtualHost>容器提供了默认值，你可以在后面的文件中定义# All of these directives may appear inside <VirtualHost> containers,# in which case these default settings will be overridden for the# virtual host being defined.所有这些指令将出现在<VirtualHost>容器中，这些设定值将在定义virtual host时被覆写。#
## ServerAdmin: Your address, where problems with the server should be# e-mailed. This address appears on some server-generated pages, such# as error documents. e.g. admin@your-domain.com# ServerAdmin：你的地址，当系统故障时，可以给你发email。此地址出现在那些由服务器生成的页面上，如出错文档。例如：admin@your-domain.comServerAdmin webmaster@moers.com
## ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself.# This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify# it explicitly to prevent problems during startup.#ServerNaem定义了server名称和端口号，用以标明自己的身份。通常可以自动定义，建议显式地定义，避免起动时出错# If this is not set to valid DNS name for your host, server-generated# redirections will not work. See also the UseCanonicalName directive.#如果没有正确定义主机的DNS,服务器产生的重定向将不会工作，同时参考UseCanonicalName指令。# If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here.# You will have to access it by its address anyway, and this will make# redirections work in a sensible way.#如果你没有注册DNS名字，请在这里输入IP地址。你可以在任何情况下使用ip地址，这也使用得重定向变得敏感ServerName www.moers.com:80
## UseCanonicalName: Determines how Apache constructs self-referencing# URLs and the SERVER_NAME and SERVER_PORT variables.# When set "Off", Apache will use the Hostname and Port supplied# by the client. When set "On", Apache will use the value of the# ServerName directive.#UseCanonicalName:决定Apaceh如何构建自定参考URL,和SERVER_NAME及SERVER_PORT变量当设为Off时，Apache将使用客户端给出的域名和端口。当设为On时，Apache将使用ServerName指令UseCanonicalName Off
## DocumentRoot: The directory out of which you will serve your# documents. By default, all requests are taken from this directory, but# symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to other locations.#DocumentRoot:服务器文档放置目录。在默认情形下，所有的请求都从这里开始，除了记号和别名将改指它处以外。DocumentRoot "C:/Program Files/Apache Group/Apache2/htdocs"
## Each directory to which Apache has access can be configured with respect# to which services and features are allowed and/or disabled in that# directory (and its subdirectories).#每个可供Apache访问的目录，可以配置成允许或禁止哪些服务和特征（包括其子目录）# First, we configure the "default" to be a very restrictive set of# features.#首先，我们定义一个默认的非常严格的配置<Directory />Options FollowSymLinksAllowOverride None</Directory>
## Note that from this point forward you must specifically allow# particular features to be enabled - so if something's not working as# you might expect, make sure that you have specifically enabled it# below.#注意，从这一点往前，你必须许可某些特殊的功能，所以如果某些功能未能如你所愿，要确保你在在下述中启用了该功能。
## This should be changed to whatever you set DocumentRoot to.# 这将改变你对DocumentRoot的设置<Directory "C:/Program Files/Apache Group/Apache2/htdocs">
## Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All",# or any combination of:可能的值为None,All或者任意组合# Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews# 索引包括FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews# Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All"# doesn't give it to you.#注意MultiViews被显式地Options All,# The Options directive is both complicated and important. Please see# http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/core.html#options# for more information.#选项指令既复杂又重要，请参阅http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/core.html#options了解详情Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
## AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files.# It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords:# Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit#AllowOverride 控制什么指令能够加入到.htaccess中，可以是All,None,或者组合关键字AllowOverride None
## Controls who can get stuff from this server.#控制谁可以可以访问此服务Order allow,denyAllow from all
</Directory>
## UserDir: The name of the directory that is appended onto a user's home# directory if a ~user request is received. Be especially careful to use# proper, forward slashes here. On Windows NT, "Personal/My Website"# is a more appropriate choice.# UserDir: 用户的home的名称，当接到到~user的请求时。请小心正确使用”/”. 在WinNT上，”Personal/My Website”是更合适的选择UserDir "My Documents/My Website"
## Control access to UserDir directories. The following is an example# for a site where these directories are restricted to read-only.#控制UserDir目录，以下是一个例子，这个目录是只读的# You must correct the path for the root to match your system's configured# user directory location, e.g. "C:/WinNT/profiles/*/My Documents/My Website"# or whichever, as appropriate.#你必须更正root目录，与系统设置相配，如用户目录是C:/WinNT/profiles/*/My Documents/My Website或者其它合适的#<Directory "C:/Documents and Settings/*/My Documents/My Website"># AllowOverride FileInfo AuthConfig Limit# Options MultiViews Indexes SymLinksIfOwnerMatch IncludesNoExec# <Limit GET POST OPTIONS PROPFIND># Order allow,deny# Allow from all# </Limit># <LimitExcept GET POST OPTIONS PROPFIND># Order deny,allow# Deny from all# </LimitExcept>#</Directory>
## DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory# is requested.#DirectoryIndex: Apache服务器将要以一个目录的形式响应服务# The index.html.var file (a type-map) is used to deliver content-# negotiated documents. The MultiViews Option can be used for the# same purpose, but it is much slower.#index.html变量文件（一种映射）将直接传送内容。MultiViews选项可以用于同样的目的，但是要慢得多DirectoryIndex index.html index.html.var
## AccessFileName: The name of the file to look for in each directory# for additional configuration directives. See also the AllowOverride# directive.#AccessFileName: 用来查找各个目录下额外的配置指令的配置文件名，同时参考AllowOverride(允许重载)指令#AcceAccessFileName .htaccess
## The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being# viewed by Web clients.#下面两行，阻址Web客户端访问 .htaccess和htpasswd(访问设定和密码)的文件#<Files ~ "^/.ht">Order allow,denyDeny from all</Files>
## TypesConfig describes where the mime.types file (or equivalent) is# to be found.# TypesConfig，描述在何处找到mime型别TypesConfig conf/mime.types
## DefaultType is the default MIME type the server will use for a document# if it cannot otherwise determine one, such as from filename extensions.如果服务器不能确定文档的型别，将使用默认的MIME型别,例如根据扩展名# If your server contains mostly text or HTML documents, "text/plain" is# a good value. If most of your content is binary, such as applications# or images, you may want to use "application/octet-stream" instead to# keep browsers from trying to display binary files as though they are# text.#如果你的服务器主要包括text/html文档，”text/plain”就是一个好的取值。如果你的大多数内容是binary(二进制)的，如应用程序或图片，你可能希望使用application/octet-stream，使得浏览器试图显示二进制数据，尽管它们是文本DefaultType text/plain
## The mod_mime_magic module allows the server to use various hints from the# contents of the file itself to determine its type. The MIMEMagicFile# directive tells the module where the hint definitions are located.# mod_mime_magic模块，允许服务器根据内容提示来识别文件型别。MIMEMagicFile指令告知模块“内容提示”应到何处找。<IfModule mod_mime_magic.c>MIMEMagicFile conf/magic</IfModule>
## HostnameLookups: Log the names of clients or just their IP addresses# e.g., www.apache.org (on) or 204.62.129.132 (off).# The default is off because it'd be overall better for the net if people# had to knowingly turn this feature on, since enabling it means that# each client request will result in AT LEAST one lookup request to the# nameserver.HostNameLookups: 客户日志或者仅其IP地址，如www.apache.org(on) 或者204.62.129.132(off).默认为值设为off比较好，如果希望将此置为on将意味着第一次客户请求都至少要查询一次nameserver.#HostnameLookups Off
## EnableMMAP: Control whether memory-mapping is used to deliver# files (assuming that the underlying OS supports it).# The default is on; turn this off if you serve from NFS-mounted# filesystems. On some systems, turning it off (regardless of# filesystem) can improve performance; for details, please see# http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/core.html#enablemmap# EnableMMAP: 控制是否通过内存映射的方式传送文件(须得操作系统支持)默认值为on; 如果你使用NSF加载的文件系统（通常在linux下）,应置为off. 在某些系统上，置off,不管使用什么文件系统，能够提高效率，详细情况，请参阅文档#EnableMMAP off
## EnableSendfile: Control whether the sendfile kernel support is# used to deliver files (assuming that the OS supports it).# The default is on; turn this off if you serve from NFS-mounted# filesystems. Please see# http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/core....#enablesendfile# EnableSendfile: 控制内核传送文件是否支持（需要OS支持）。默认为on,如果使用NFS,则使用off#EnableSendfile off
## ErrorLog: The location of the error log file.# If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost># container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be# logged here. If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost># container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here.#ErrorLog: 出错日志文件如果你想为虚拟主机定义Errorlog指令，则该虚拟主机的错误信息将被记录到这里ErrorLog logs/error.log
## LogLevel: Control the number of messages logged to the error.log.# Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,# alert, emerg.# LogLever: 日志等级，（与log4j相似，译者注），决定哪些级别的出错信息将被记录，如debug,info,notice,warn,error, crit，alert,emerg等，在设定级别以上的信息就会被记录(译者注).LogLevel warn
## The following directives define some format nicknames for use with# a CustomLog directive (see below).# 日志格式(与log4j相似)LogFormat "%h %l %u %t /"%r/" %>s %b /"%{Referer}i/" /"%{User-Agent}i/"" combinedLogFormat "%h %l %u %t /"%r/" %>s %b" commonLogFormat "%{Referer}i -> %U" refererLogFormat "%{User-agent}i" agent
# You need to enable mod_logio.c to use %I and %O#LogFormat "%h %l %u %t /"%r/" %>s %b /"%{Referer}i/" /"%{User-Agent}i/" %I %O" combinedio